... US semiconductor export controls against China, share a common pattern. First, the supplying country restricts exports of the resources and technologies it holds, or manipulates their prices, inflicting a supply shock on the importing country. The relative price of the resource then surges, dramatically raising the incentives of firms and researchers in the importing country to develop substitute and workaround ...

... era and to set the standards for industrial architecture. China is pursuing three shifts in its AI and supply chain strategy. First, as the effectiveness of US export controls erodes, it is building both leverage ... round of this competition calls for a Korean response that goes beyond a defensive diversification of supply chains. That response should center on three lines of action: building a K-manufacturing architecture ...

... article examines vulnerabilities in South Korea’s renewable solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy supply chains. Securing the capital equipment needed to generate renewable energy has become an increasingly ...er incentives, streamlined permitting, strategic product and technology designations, green finance, and more rigorous supply chain risk governance. JEL Classification : Q42, Q48, L52, F52, F13, O53