This study does not simply attribute the recent sluggish export per formance to the global economic slowdown, but seeks to identify the limitations of the existing export model in Korea, including the struc ture of exports by industry. After analyzing the competitive landscape across three dimensions that affect the structure and export model of  Korea, namely, competition in technology platforms, changes in dustrial architecture, and changes in GVC division of labor, over three chapters, the direction for rebuilding the export model is suggested.

 In Chapter 2, the export share of major countries, including the United States, Europe, China, and Korea, in high-tech industries based on the OECD standard is analyzed to see the current state and changes in the high-tech industry competition landscape. Next, we analyze how the competitiveness of major countries has changed and what the implications are using the advanced industry classification of the ITIF Hamilton Index. It also presents how the structure of innovation in vestment is differentiated by region and what the implications are.

 In Chapter 3, we introduce the product architecture concept proposed by Takahiro Fujimoto and analyze the competitive landscape among major countries by product architecture type. After dividing them into modular and integrated architectures, the characteristics of  the competitive landscape for each type and the patterns of change are analyzed. Next, we analyze how trade between the US and East Asia has developed in ICT, a typical modular product, and automobiles and pharmaceuticals, typical integrated products, under the assumption that trade in modular products has played a leading role in the vertical division of labor between the US and East Asia over the past generation.

 In Chapter 4, the impact of changes in the GVC-type international division of labor on Korea’s exports is approached in two dimensions. One approach is to introduce the concept of the GVC transition path by Baldwin and Okubo (2019) to analyze the impact of the industrial upgrading process from Japan to Korea, Taiwan, and then to China. In particular, the paper analyzes the challenges posed by China’s in dustrial advancement and transition to a growth model to Korea’s export model, which has expanded exports through GVC-type division of  labor. The second is the need to expand the concept of exports. To see  the need to expand the process of industrial advancement beyond  manufacturing to services, we analyze how the competitive landscape  differs by GVC type, especially by the difference in the knowledge in tensity of GVCs.

In Chapter 5, the policy directions for changing the export model and export structure are presented, focusing on strengthening techno logical accessibility in response to the technological cold war, the core partner strategy of advanced manufacturing development strategies in  developed countries such as the US and Europe, responding to the security-first value chain, and seeking new export methods in response to the stagnation of GVC trade